AUTOMATIC SOIL MOISTURE PUMP SYSTEM

The Automatic Soil Moisture Pump System is an Arduino Nano based project that automatically controls a water pump according to the moisture level of the soil.

A soil moisture sensor is used to detect whether the soil is dry or wet. When the soil becomes dry, the Arduino turns ON the water pump. When the soil is wet, the pump is turned OFF.

This system can be used for automatic plant watering and basic smart irrigation applications.

Deshbot shield

nano

water pump

soil sensor

The soil moisture sensor provides two types of readings:

1. Analog output (AO) → provides a moisture reading through A0.
2. Digital output (DO) → provides a HIGH or LOW signal depending on the sensor's moisture threshold.

The Arduino reads both signals.

The analog moisture value is displayed in the Serial Monitor:

When the digital output is HIGH, the program considers the soil to be dry and turns the pump ON.

When the digital output is LOW, the program considers the soil to be wet and turns the pump OFF.

Pump Operation

Dry Soil

When:

The Arduino activates the pump driver:

The pump starts running and supplies water to the plant.

Wet Soil

When:

The Arduino turns the pump OFF:

The pump stops supplying water.

Analog Moisture Reading

The sensor's analog output is connected to A0.

The Arduino reads it using:

The Arduino Nano's ADC provides a value from approximately:

The exact value corresponding to wet or dry soil depends on the particular sensor and its calibration.

The Automatic Soil Moisture Pump System demonstrates how an Arduino Nano can monitor soil conditions and automatically control a water pump.

When the soil sensor detects dry soil, the Arduino activates the pump. When the soil becomes wet, the pump is switched OFF.

The project combines soil moisture sensing, analog and digital input, automatic control, and motor/pump interfacing into a practical smart irrigation system.